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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plasur</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-1471</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "НИИ микрохирургии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52581/1814-1471/78-79/01</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">plasur-44</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЛАСТИЧЕСКАЯ ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLASTIC SURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фатальные осложнения  в реконструктивно-пластической хирургии  и пути их профилактики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fatal complications in reconstructive plastic surgery and ways of their prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-588X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байтингер</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baytinger</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байтингер Владимир Фёдорович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, президент АНО «НИИ микрохирургии», профессор кафедры оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии ФГБОУ ВО КрасГМУ им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России.</p><p>634063, Томск, ул. Ивана Черных, д. 96; 660022, гКрасноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1. Тел.: 8 (3822) 64-57-53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir F. Baytinger - Dr. Med. sci., Professor, President, Institute of Microsurgery; Professor of the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Krasnoyarsk SMU named after Prof. V.F. VoynoYasenetsky.</p><p>96, Ivan Chernykh st., Tomsk, 634063; 1, Partizan Zheleznyak st., Krasnoyarsk, 660022. Tel.: +7 (3822) 64-57-53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baitinger@mail.tomsknet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0850-6140</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селянинов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selianinov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селянинов Константин Владимирович - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, зам. директора по лечебной работе АНО НИИ микрохирургии.</p><p>634063, Томск, ул. Ивана Черных, д. 96. Тел.: 8 (3822)64-53-78.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Selianinov - Dr. Med. sci., Associate Professor, deputy Director for medical work.</p><p>96, Ivan Chernykh st., Tomsk, 634063. Tel.: +7 (3822) 64-53-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostya-ivanow@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ микрохирургии, АНО; ФГБОУ ВО Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Microsurgery; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ микрохирургии, АНО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Microsurgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Байтингер В.Ф., Селянинов К.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Байтингер В.Ф., Селянинов К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baytinger V.F., Selianinov K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://plasur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/44">https://plasur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/44</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обобщен мировой опыт и опыт Института микрохирургии (г. Томск) по спасению погибающих свободных лоскутов. Освещены вопросы, касающиеся профилактики сосудистых нарушений, которые в 85– 95% случаев приводят к фатальным осложнениям в виде тотального некроза реперфузированного лоскута. Речь идет о ближайших, ранних и поздних осложнениях, обусловленных компроментацией кровотока по сосудистой ножке (артериального, венозного, артериально-венозного). В отличие от необратимых нарушений, временные нарушения кровоснабжения в свободных лоскутах обусловлены последствиями первичной ишемии и реперфузии. Их продолжительность и обратимость зависят от тканевого состава, т.е. от аноксической устойчивости составляющих лоскут тканей и, конечно, структур, формирующих стенку самих сосудов лоскута. При небольшой продолжительности (до 1 ч) первичной ишемии и компенсированном реперфузионном синдроме временные сосудистые нарушения проявляются гиперемией кожи лоскута и метаболическим отеком его тканей, которые исчезают через 10–40 мин после реперфузии. Показанием для ревизии сосудистой ножки являются сомнения в адекватности кровотока в лоскуте в связи с появлением первых признаков анастомотического тромбоза. Наиболее высокие показатели спасения лоскутов достигаются путем ревизии сосудистой ножки не позднее 1,5 ч после появления первых признаков тромбоза. Важно, чтобы ревизию делал хирург, выполнявший эти микрососудистые анастомозы. Разработка технологий спасения погибающего лоскута стала особенно актуальной в последнее десятилетие. Это вызвано бурным развитием реконструктивной микрохирургии по поводу опухолей головы и шеи. У таких пациентов практически отсутствует альтернатива свободным пересадкам комплексов тканей для реконструкции нижней челюсти, языка, устранения мягкотканного дефекта нижней зоны лица и шеи. Основная техническая проблема, приводящая к фатальным осложнениям после пересадки лучевого, малоберцового, переднебокового лоскутов бедра, – это трудности поиска пригодных для реваскуляризации реципиентных сосудов в мягких тканях, ранее подвергнутых лучевому облучению. Поиск альтернативных реципиентных сосудов при первичной реконструкции дефектов, например, в полости рта, сопровождается значительным увеличением продолжительности первичной ишемии (до 3–4 ч) и гибелью лоскутов. Сохранение жизнеспособности таких свободных лоскутов возможно только путем их временной экстракорпоральной перфузии с мембранной оксигенацией. Возможно сохранение жизнеспособности свободных лоскутов в течение 2 нед (без микрососудистых анастомозов) при третичной реконструкции дефектов головы и шеи путем продолжительной экстракорпоральной перфузии лоскута до полного его приживления  в реципиентной области. Имеется опыт применения трубчатого несвободного лучевого лоскута на длинной сосудистой ножке (от запястья до локтевой ямки) при третичной реконструкции тканей после удаления опухолей головы и шеи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The world experience and experience of the Institute of Microsurgery (Tomsk, Russia) in rescuing dying free flaps are summarized in the paper. The issues related to the prevention of vascular disorders, which in 85–95% of cases lead to fatal complications in the form of total necrosis of the reperfused flap, are discussed. We are talking about the immediate, early and late complications due to the compromise of blood flow along the vascular pedicle (arterial, venous, arterial-venous). Unlike irreversible disorders, temporary disturbances in blood supply in free flaps are caused by the consequences of primary ischemia and reperfusion. Their duration and reversibility depend on the tissue composition, i.e. from the anoxic resistance of the tissues constituting the flap and, of course, the structures that form the wall of the flap vessels themselves. With a short duration of primary ischemia (up to 1 hour) and compensated reperfusion syndrome, temporary vascular disorders are manifested by flap skin flushing and metabolic edema of its tissues, which disappear 10-40 minutes after reperfusion. The indications for revision of the vascular pedicle are doubts about the adequacy of blood flow in the flap due to the appearance of the first signs of anastomotic thrombosis. The highest rates of flap rescue are achieved after revision of the vascular pedicle no later than 90 minutes after the first signs of thrombosis appear. It is important that the surgeon performing these microvascular anastomoses does the revision. The development of technologies for rescuing a perishing flap has become especially relevant in the last decade. This is due to the rapid development of reconstructive microsurgery of head and neck tumors. In such patients, there is practically no alternative to free transplantation of tissue complexes for the reconstruction of the lower jaw, tongue, soft tissue defect of the lower face and neck. The main technical problem leading to fatal complications after transplantation of a radial, peroneal, anterolateral femur flap is the difficulty of finding recipient vessels suitable for revascularization in soft tissues previously exposed to radiation. The search for alternative recipient vessels during the primary reconstruction of defects, for example, in the oral cavity, is accompanied by a significant increase in the duration of primary ischemia (up to 3–4 hours) and the death of flaps. The preservation of the viability of such free flaps is possible only by their temporary extracorporeal perfusion with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. It is possible to preserve the viability of free flaps for 2 weeks (without microvascular anastomoses) during tertiary reconstruction of head and neck defects by continuous extracorporeal perfusion of the flap until it is completely engrafted in the recipient area. There is experience of using a tubular non-free radial flap on the long vascular pedicle of the radial vascular bundle (from the wrist to the ulnar fossa) in tertiary tissue reconstruction after removal of head and neck tumors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спасение лоскутов</kwd><kwd>ревизия сосудистой ножки</kwd><kwd>неоваскуляризация</kwd><kwd>автономизация кровотока</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральная перфузия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>salvage of flaps</kwd><kwd>revision of the vascular pedicle</kwd><kwd>neovascularization</kwd><kwd>autonomization of blood flow</kwd><kwd>extracorporeal perfusion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen K.T., Mardini S., Chuang D.C. et al. Timing of presentation of the first signs of vascular compromise dictates the salvage outcome of free flap transfers. Plast. Reconstr. 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