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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plasur</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-1471</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "НИИ микрохирургии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52581/1814-1471/96/09</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">plasur-469</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к регенерации периферических нервов и спинного мозга (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current approaches to peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-2009</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габриянчик</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabriyanchik</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Габриянчик Марк Александрович – мл. научн. сотрудник Института кластерной онкологии им. профессора Л.Л. Лёвшина </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark A. Gabriyanchik, Junior Research Fellow, the Institute of Cluster Oncology named after Professor L.L. Levshin</p><p>bld. 2, 8, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gabriyanchik_m_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-2624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старцева</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Startseva</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старцева Олеся Игоревна – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры онкологии, радиотерапии и реконструктивной хирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского; врач-онколог онкологического отделения №1  </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2; 115487, г. Москва, Коломенский проезд, д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya I. Startseva, Dr. Med. sci., Professor, the Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky</p><p>bld. 2, 8, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostarceva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1093-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головань</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovan</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головань Марина Васильевна – студентка 4-го курса Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Golovan, 4th year student, the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky</p><p>bld. 2, 8, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golovan_m_v@student.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8219-7500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лысенко Владислав Олегович – студент 4-го курса Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav O. Lysenko, 4th year student, the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky</p><p>bld. 2, 8, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladislavlsnk04@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7571-2862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирогов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirogov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пирогов Кирилл Станиславович – студент 4-го курса Института клинической медицины</p><p>117513, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill S. Pirogov, 4th year student, the Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>1, Ostrovityanov st., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuNNkas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-6278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Решетов Игорь Владимирович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор Института кластерной онкологии им. Л.Л. Левшина, зав. кафедрой онкологии, радиотерапии и реконструктивной хирургии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Reshetov, Dr. Med. sci., Professor, Academician of RAS, Director of L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, head of the Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after the N.V. Sklifosovsky</p><p>bld. 2, 8, Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">reshetov_i_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский&#13;
университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Габриянчик М.А., Старцева О.И., Головань М.В., Лысенко В.О., Пирогов К.С., Решетов И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Габриянчик М.А., Старцева О.И., Головань М.В., Лысенко В.О., Пирогов К.С., Решетов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gabriyanchik M.A., Startseva O.I., Golovan M.V., Lysenko V.O., Pirogov K.S., Reshetov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://plasur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/469">https://plasur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/469</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: обобщить современные подходы к регенерации нервной ткани с акцентом на роль биомиметических и наноструктурированных материалов, определить их потенциал и ограничения для применения в реконструктивной нейрохирургии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведён нарративный обзор публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science за период 2020–2025 гг. по ключевым словам: «периферические нервы», «спинной мозг», «нейрорегенерация», «биоматериалы», «нервные кондуиты», «наноматериалы». В анализ были включены экспериментальные и клинические исследования, а также обзоры и метаанализы, посвящённые тканевой инженерии и нейрохирургическим методам восстановления. Оценены архитектура материалов, механизмы регенерации и параметры эффективности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что наибольший потенциал в направленной регенерации периферических нервов демонстрируют биомиметические материалы, имитирующие внеклеточный матрикс и создающие направляющую структуру для роста аксонов. Наноструктурированные и функционализированные кондуиты, содержащие факторы роста, клеточные элементы и проводящие компоненты, улучшают регенерацию периферических нервов и частично восстанавливают проводимость повреждённого спинного мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Биоинженерные подходы на основе наноструктурированных и биомиметических кондуитов расширяют возможности реконструктивной нейрохирургии. Перспективным направлением является определение оптимальных комбинаций материалов и биологически активных факторов, обеспечивающих перенос результатов экспериментальных исследований в клиническую практику.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of a study</title><p>Purpose of a study: to summarize current strategies for the regeneration of peripheral nerves and the spinal cord and to analyze the role of biomimetic materials and nanostructured nerve conduits in reconstructive neurosurgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A narrative review of publications indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2020–2025) was conducted using the search terms “peripheral nerves”, “spinal cord”, “neuroregeneration”, “biomaterials”, “nerve conduits”, and “nanomaterials”. Experimental and clinical studies, narrative reviews, and metaanalyses related to tissue engineering and surgical approaches for neural repair were included. Structural properties of materials, mechanisms of axonal growth, and indicators of functional recovery were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Biomimetic materials replicating extracellular matrix architecture and providing directional guidance for axonal growth demonstrate the highest therapeutic potential. Nanostructured and functionalized nerve conduits incorporating growth factors, cellular components, and conductive elements enhance peripheral nerve regeneration and partially restore electrophysiological conduction across spinal cord lesions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Bioengineering technologies based on nanostructured and biomimetic conduits broaden the possibilities of reconstructive neurosurgery. Future efforts should focus on optimizing combinations of materials and bioactive agents to improve translation of experimental results into clinical practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>периферические нервы</kwd><kwd>нейрорегенерация</kwd><kwd>биомиметические материалы</kwd><kwd>нервные кондуиты</kwd><kwd>наноструктурированные материалы</kwd><kwd>факторы роста</kwd><kwd>реконструктивная хирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peripheral nerves</kwd><kwd>neuroregeneration</kwd><kwd>biomimetic materials</kwd><kwd>nerve conduits</kwd><kwd>nanostructured materials</kwd><kwd>growth factors</kwd><kwd>reconstructive surgical procedures</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 25–45-02119, https://rscf.ru/project/25-45-02119/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 25–45-02119, https://rscf.ru/project/25-45-02119/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li R., Liu Z., Pan Y., Chen L., Zhang Z., Lu L. 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