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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plasur</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1814-1471</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АНО "НИИ микрохирургии"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52581/1814-1471/97/11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">plasur-508</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТ НАУКИ К ПРАКТИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM SCIENCE TO THE PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гетерогенность опухолей тонкой кишки: от молекулярно-генетических особенностей к диагностике и лечению (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heterogeneity of small intestinal tumors: from molecular-genetic characteristics to diagnostics and treatment (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0961-7336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грищенко</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishchenko</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грищенко Максим Юрьевич - канд. мед. наук, доцент, главный врач; зав. кафедрой хирургии с курсом мобилизационной подготовки и медицины катастроф,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 115;</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim Yu. Grishchenko, Cand. Med. sci., Associate Professor, Chief Physician; Head of the Department of Surgery with a Course of Mobilization Training and Disaster Medicine,</p><p>115, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050;</p><p>2, Moskovsky trakt st., Tomsk, 634050.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grischenko.mj@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-0328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геренг</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gereng</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геренг Елена Андреевна - д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры морфологии и общей патологии,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Gereng, Dr. Med. sci., Associate Professor, the Department of Morphology and General Pathology,</p><p>2, Moskovsky trakt st., Tomsk, 634050.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gereng.ea@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-9744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроздов</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozdov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дроздов Евгений Сергеевич - д-р мед. наук, зав. отделением абдоминальной и торакальной онкологии; доцент кафедры хирургии с курсом мобилизационной подготовки и медицины катастроф; ассистент кафедры хирургии, урологии, эндоскопии и детской хирургии,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 115;</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2;</p><p>654005, Кемеровская область, г. Новокузнецк, пр. Строителей, д. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy S. Drozdov, Dr. Med. sci., Head of the Abdominal and Thoracic Oncology Department; Associate Professor, the Department of Surgery with a Course in Mobilization Training and Disaster Medicine; Assistant, the Department of Surgery, Urology, Endoscopy and Pediatric Surgery,</p><p>115, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050;</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt st., Tomsk, 634050;</p><p>5, Stroiteley Ave., Novokuznetsk, 654005, Kemerovo Region.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.s.drozdov@tomonco.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4445-3740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельник Юлия Юрьевна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры анатомии человека с курсом топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia Yu. Melnik, Cand. Med. sci., Associate Professor, the Department of Human Anatomy with a Course in Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery,</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt st., Tomsk, 634050.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melnik.jj@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-7562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марзоль</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marzol</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марзоль Екатерина Александровна - аспирант кафедры морфологии и общей патологии, старший преподаватель кафедры анатомии человека с курсом топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Marzol, Postgraduate Student, the Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Senior Lecturer, the Department of Human Anatomy with a Course in Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery,</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt st., Tomsk, 634050.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Katya4803@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3165-0991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Даниил Александрович - студент педиатрического факультета, лаборант кафедры анатомии человека с курсом топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil A. Kuznetsov, Student, Pediatric Faculty, Laboratory Assistant, the Department of Human Anatomy with a Course in Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, </p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt st., Tomsk, 634050.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuznetsov.da1@ssmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8980-7967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinoviev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зиновьев Егор Андреевич - студент лечебного факультета, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории клеточных и микрофлюидных технологий,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Zinoviev, Student, Medical Faculty, Laboratory Research Assistant, the Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies,</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt st., Tomsk, 634050.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorzinovyev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6150-026X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоркольцев</surname><given-names>Я. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorkoltsev</surname><given-names>Ya. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зоркольцев Ярослав Игоревич - студент лечебного факультета,</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav I. Zorkoltsev, Student, Medical Faculty, </p><p>1, Partizan Zheleznyak st., Krasnoyarsk, 660022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krash239@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8391-2912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулина</surname><given-names>П. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulina</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гулина Полина Игоревна - студентка лечебного факультета,</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina I. Gulina, Student, Medical Faculty,</p><p>1, Partizan Zheleznyak st., Krasnoyarsk, 660022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polnozdrina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9008-6843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулин</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulin</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гулин Евгений Дмитриевич - студент лечебного факультета,</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny D. Gulin, Student, Medical Faculty,</p><p>1, Partizan Zheleznyak st., Krasnoyarsk, 660022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniygulin2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-0817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворниченко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvornichenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дворниченко Марина Владимировна - д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры анатомии человека с курсом топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии; научный сотрудник, лаборатория клеточных и микрофлюидных технологий,</p><p>634050, г. Томск, ул. Московский тракт, д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Dvornichenko, Dr. Med. sci., Professor, the Department of Human Anatomy with a Course in Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Researcher, the Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies,</p><p>2, Moskovsky Trakt st., Tomsk, 634050.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dochic@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский областной онкологический диспансер; Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk Regional Oncology Dispensary; Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский областной онкологический диспансер; Сибирский государственный медицинский университет; Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей – Филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk Regional Oncology Dispensary; Siberian State Medical University; Novokuznetsk State Institute for Advanced Medical Studies Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грищенко М.Ю., Геренг Е.А., Дроздов Е.С., Мельник Ю.Ю., Марзоль Е.А., Кузнецов Д.А., Зиновьев Е.А., Зоркольцев Я.И., Гулина П.И., Гулин Е.Д., Дворниченко М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грищенко М.Ю., Геренг Е.А., Дроздов Е.С., Мельник Ю.Ю., Марзоль Е.А., Кузнецов Д.А., Зиновьев Е.А., Зоркольцев Я.И., Гулина П.И., Гулин Е.Д., Дворниченко М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishchenko M.Y., Gereng E.A., Drozdov E.S., Melnik Y.Y., Marzol E.A., Kuznetsov D.A., Zinoviev E.A., Zorkoltsev Y.I., Gulina P.I., Gulin E.D., Dvornichenko M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://plasur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/508">https://plasur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/508</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Опухоли тонкой кишки (ТК) представляют собой гетерогенную группу редких новообразований (1–3% всех опухолей желудочно-кишечного тракта), характеризующихся сложностью ранней диагностики, многообразием гистологических типов и отсутствием унифицированных протоколов лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определить, как патогенетические особенности основных гистологических типов опухолей тонкой кишки влияют на тактику диагностических алгоритмов и методов лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведен систематизированный анализ научных публикаций, включая систематические обзоры, оригинальные исследования, клинические рекомендации и редкие клинические случаи, индексированных в базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и РИНЦ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В процессе анализа было выявлено повышение частоты встречаемости аденокарцином и нейроэндокринных опухолей (НЭО) (отличаются худшим прогнозом и более высокой агрессивностью) по сравнению с гастроинтестинальными стромальными опухолями. Диагностика прошла путь от интраоперационного выявления до мультимодальной стратегии с применением энтероскопии, КТ/МРэнтерографии, ПЭТ-КТ с аналогами соматостатина для НЭО и фтордезоксиглюкозы для GIST. Ключевое значение для определения лечебной тактики имеют иммуногистохимия (хромогранин А, синаптофизин, CD117, DOG1, Ki-67) и генетическое профилирование ( KIT/PDGFRA , MSI ). Хирургический подход является гистоспецифическим: при НЭО определяется возможность применения резекции с лимфодиссекцией, предпочтительна сосудо-сохраняющая ретроградная лимфаденэктомия (vessel-sparing lymphadenectomy, VS-LA), которая дает меньше осложнений). Для GIST размером менее 5 см предпочтительными являются лапароскопические методики, при больших размерах первичного очага или высоком митотическом индексе неоадъювантное лечение иматинибом (при мутациях PDGFRA D842V рипретиниб/авапритиниб). При аденокарциномах применяется R0-резекция, ключевым является подсчет N-ratio, что требует прецизионной D3-мезентерэктомии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Комплексное применение КТ/МР-энтерографии, энтероскопии, ПЭТ-КТ и молекулярного типирования позволяет персонализировать объем операции, улучшая прогноз при этих редких и гетерогенных новообразованиях. Основными нерешенными проблемами остаются поздняя выявляемость опухолей тонкой кишки (особенно аденокарцином) и недостаточное количество крупных рандомизированных исследований для разработки стандартизированных рекомендаций ведения пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Small intestine tumors (SITs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms (1–3% of all gastrointestinal tumors) characterized by the difficulty of early diagnosis, a variety of histological types, and the lack of standardized treatment protocols.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of a study</title><p>Purpose of a study: to determine how the pathogenetic features of the main histological types of small intestinal tumors influence the tactics of diagnostic algorithms and treatment methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods . A systematic analysis of scientific publications was conducted, including systematic reviews, original studies, clinical guidelines, and rare clinical cases indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) databases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was established that the most common malignant neoplasms of the GI tract are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and adenocarcinomas, which are characterized by a more aggressive course. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), on the other hand, are less common. The diagnostic paradigm has undergone a significant evolution: from intraoperative detection to multimodal stratification, including capsule/balloon enteroscopy, CT and MR enterography, as well as molecular imaging methods (PET-CT with 68Ga somatostatin analogs for NETs and 18F-FDG for GISTs). Immunohistochemical typing (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD117, DOG1, CDX-2, Ki-67) and molecular-genetic profiling (KIT/PDGFRA mutations, MSI status, 18q deletion), which determine the choice of targeted and immunotherapy as well as the optimal extent of surgical treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion . The combined use of CT/MR enterography, enteroscopy, PET/CT, and molecular typing allows for personalized surgical intervention, improving prognosis for these rare and heterogeneous tumors. The main unresolved issues remain the late detection of small bowel tumors (especially adenocarcinomas) and the insufficient number of large randomized trials to develop standardized patient management guidelines.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тонкая кишка</kwd><kwd>нейроэндокринные опухоли</kwd><kwd>GIST</kwd><kwd>аденокарцинома тонкой кишки</kwd><kwd>энтероскопия</kwd><kwd>ПЭТ-КТ</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small intestine</kwd><kwd>neuroendocrine tumors</kwd><kwd>GIST</kwd><kwd>small intestine adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>enteroscopy</kwd><kwd>PET-CT</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shenoy S. Genetic risks and familial associations of small bowel carcinoma. 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