Differences in morphometric parameters of the lower third of the face and neck in men and women

The purpose of the study: to study the morphometric parameters of lower third of the face and neck in men and women to identify the points of application of surgical correction of lower third of the face and neck.

Material and methods. A study of 100 computed tomograms of the head of Europeans (50 men and women) was conducted using the Vitrea Core program (Netherlands). During the study of the material, the main morphometric parameters of the lower third of the face and neck were determined and analyzed. Statistical data processing was carried out using the StatTech v. 3.0.9 program (Stattech LLC, Kazan, Russia).

Results. When studying 100 computed tomograms of the head of Europeans, the main morphometric indicators of the lower third of the face and neck were determined. Characteristic differences in the anatomical structure of the studied computed tomography of the heads of men and women were revealed. It was revealed that the significant difference in the length of the face (from the border of hair growth on the forehead to the lower point of the chin) in men is on average 12.4 mm greater than in women. The significant difference in the height of the lower part of the face (from the border of the nasal septum and the skin of the upper lip to the lower point of the chin) of men and women is on average 10.60 mm. The significant difference in height from the deepest point of the nose root to the lowest point of the chin of men and women is on average (12.23 ± 9.48) mm. The significant difference in width between the projections of the bases of the coronal processes in men is on average 5.10 mm greater than in women. The significant difference in the distance between the gonial angles of men and women is on average 9.85 mm. The significant difference in chin height between the central incisors in men is on average 5.00 mm greater than in women. The significant difference in the length of half of the body of the lower jaw (from the angle of the lower jaw to the lower point of the chin) of men and women is on average 6.00 mm. The significant difference in the chin-neck angle formed by the intersection of the chin and neck lines of women and men on average is (18.17 ± 2.98) degrees.

Conclusion. The presented data can help practitioners to determine the target points of application of surgical correction more accurately of the lower third of the face and neck to improve the social adaptation of patients.

1. Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health. 15.09.2022.

2. Drabish K. Health Impact of Stigma, Discrimination, Prejudice, and Bias Experienced by Transgender People : A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies. Issues in Mental Hearth Nursing. 2022;43(2):111118. doi: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1961330

3. Giles E. Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of the mandible. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 1964;22:129-136. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330220212

4. Krogman W.M., Iscan M.Y. The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine. 2^nd ed. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas; 1986.

5. Vinay G., Mangala Gowri S.R., Anbalagan J. Sex determination of human mandible using metrical parameters. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:2671-2673. doi: 10.1080/20961790.2021.1889136

6. Raffaini M., Magri A.S., Agostini T. Full Facial Feminization Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2016;137(2):438-448. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000475754.71333.f6