Анализ осложнений ринопластики (обзор литературы)

Цель исследования: на основании литературных данных проанализировать и систематизировать наиболее частые осложнения ринопластики.

Материал и методы. Были проанализированы научные статьи в базах PubMed, eLibrary, Scopus, Medscape, Cyberleninka. В поисковых запросах использовали следующие термины: «rhinoplasty», «septoplasty», «rhinoplasty complications», «rhinoplasty outcomes», «airflow assessment», «septoplasty complications», «secondary rhinoplasty», «rhinoplasty outcomes classification», «functional rhinoplasty complications», «nasal surgery outcomes». По рассматриваемой теме отобраны данные 88 иностранных и 3 отечественных статей.

Результаты. На основании проведенного обзора литературы по изучаемой теме были получены данные о том, что побочные эффекты, возникающие при исправлении деформаций наружного носа, классифицируются в зависимости от времени их появления: во время операции, в ближайшем или отдаленном периоде после операции. Их возникновение может быть обусловлено различными факторами: ошибками, допущенными в ходе хирургического вмешательства, реакцией на анестезию, обострением хронических заболеваний на фоне операции или неадекватным послеоперационным уходом.

Согласно различным оценкам, общая частота осложнений при операциях достигает 25%. Отдаленные последствия классической ринопластики наблюдаются в 2–10% случаев. К наиболее распространенным осложнениям относятся: сохраняющееся затруднение носового дыхания, кровотечения, септальная гематома, перфорация носовой перегородки, образование спаек в полости носа, инфекционные осложнения и эстетические дефекты.

В отечественной литературе отсутствуют крупные исследования, посвященные систематизированному описанию наиболее частых осложнений ринопластики.

Заключение. Неуклонный рост количества операций, направленных на коррекцию наружного носа, требует дальнейшего изучения структуры возможных осложнений, применяемых хирургических методов и используемых материалов для снижения количества ревизионных вмешательств.

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